Extreme Long shot
This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an EXTERIOR, eg the outside of a building, or a landscape, and is often used to show scenes of thrilling action e.g in a war film or disaster movie. There will be very little detail visible in the shot, it's meant to give a general impression rather than specific information.
Wide Shots/Long Shots
A wide shot, also called a long shot, is one where the subject is completely in the shot and has a wide amount of space on both sides. The primary objective of the most basic wide shot is to capture the entire subject, especially if the subject is a person. A very wide shot distances itself even further from the subject, usually making the subject barely visible but still centred in the environment; this type is often mistaken for a regular wide shot. An extreme wide shot is so far away from the subject that it isn't even visible and the real subject is the surroundings.
Mid Shots
A mid shot is very close to how the viewer would actually see the subject in real life. It is close enough to the subject to show more detail than a wide shot but is still a comfortable distance from it. When the subject is a person, a mid shot usually shows that person from the waist up. If the shot moves in a little closer, showing the focal point of the subject (like the person's face) while still being comfortably close, this becomes a medium close-up and the closest one can get without becoming a full close-up.Close-ups
A close-up shot is one that puts the focal point of the subject so it takes up as much of the shot as possible while still being completely in the shot. The purpose is usually to show as much detail as possible in the focal point, like emotion on the face.Extreme Close-ups
An extreme close-up takes the shot even closer to get extreme detail of areas like the eyes or nose. There is usually very little use for an extreme close-up.
(The above has been quoted from - http://www.ehow.com/about_5399003_types-camera-shots.html)
